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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e247960, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1422417

ABSTRACT

Buscou-se compreender a percepção dos profissionais das medidas socioeducativas acerca do seu engajamento e exaustão com o trabalho. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada a três integrantes da equipe técnica e dois coordenadores de segurança (idades entre 28 e 57 anos). A análise dos dados foi conduzida com o auxílio do software Iramuteq, que gerou cinco classes temáticas: a) rotina das unidades socioeducativas e as demandas do trabalho dos profissionais; b) gestão de conflitos nas unidades, da mediação à polícia; c) recursos pessoais e institucionais relacionados ao exercício da profissão; d) aspectos relacionados ao contexto de trabalho; e, por último, e) indicadores de esgotamento laboral, adversidades e adoecimento profissional. Os participantes descreveram diversas demandas relacionadas à exaustão física e psicológica (e.g. equipe reduzida, insalubridade, baixo salário e fragilidade do vínculo empregatício), mas também ressaltaram a relevância social de sua prática profissional junto aos adolescentes e o relacionamento positivo entre os profissionais como fatores que justificam o seu engajamento e permanência nas instituições socioeducativas. Conclui-se evidenciando que os contextos têm influência direta na saúde desses profissionais, o que sublinha a importância de se olhar para suas condições de trabalho e para aspectos ligados à saúde mental, promovendo, desse modo, avanços na realidade socioeducativa.(AU)


The aim was to understand the perception of professionals of socio-educational measures about their engagement and exhaustion with work. To that end, a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study was carried out by means of a semi-structured interview with three members of the technical team and two safety coordinators (ages between 28 and 57 years). Data analysis was conducted with the help of the IRAMUTEQ software, which generated five thematic classes: a) routine of socio-educational units and work demands of professionals; b) conflict management in the units, from mediation to the police; c) personal and institutional resources related to the exercise of the profession; d) aspects related to the work context; and, lastly, e) indicators of labor exhaustion, adversity, and occupational illness. Participants described several demands related to physical and psychological exhaustion (e.g. reduced team, insalubrity, low salary, and fragility of the employment relationship), but also emphasized the social relevance of their professional practice with adolescents and the positive relationship among professionals as factors that justify their engagement and permanence in socio- educational institutions. It is concluded that the contexts have a direct influence on the health of these professionals, which highlights the importance of looking at their working conditions and aspects related to mental health, thus promoting advances in the socio-educational reality.(AU)


Se procuró comprender la percepción de los profesionales que trabajan con medidas socioeducativas sobre su comprometimiento y el agotamiento en el trabajo. Para esto, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada a tres integrantes del equipo técnico y dos coordinadores de seguridad (edades entre 28 y 57 años). El análisis de los datos fue conducido en el software IRAMUTEQ, que generó cinco clases temáticas: a) rutina de las unidades socioeducativas: demandas del trabajo de los profesionales; b) manejo de conflictos en las unidades: desde la mediación hasta la policía; c) recursos personales e institucionales relacionados al ejercicio de la profesión; d) aspectos relacionados al contexto del trabajo; e) indicadores de agotamiento laboral, adversidades y enfermedad del profesional. Los participantes describieron diversas demandas relacionadas al agotamiento físico y psicológico (por ej.: equipo reducido, insalubridad, bajos sueldos y fragilidad del vínculo laboral), pero también destacaron la importancia social de su práctica profesional junto a los adolescentes y el vínculo positivo entre los profesionales como factores que justifican su comprometimiento y permanencia en las instituciones socioeducativas. Se concluye que los contextos influyen directamente en la salud de estos profesionales, lo que rescata la importancia de verificar sus condiciones de trabajo y los aspectos relacionados a la salud mental, promoviendo, de este modo, avances en la realidad socioeducativa.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Societies , Burnout, Professional , Education , Work Engagement , Anxiety , Orientation , Personnel Loyalty , Personnel Turnover , Psychology , Public Policy , Punishment , Rehabilitation , Reinforcement, Psychology , Audiovisual Aids , Self Concept , Social Change , Social Control, Informal , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Social Values , Socialization , Sports , Suicide , Violence , Vocational Guidance , Work , Computer Simulation , Software , Occupational Risks , Cardiovascular Diseases , Illicit Drugs , Child Advocacy , Mental Health , Occupational Health , Adolescent, Institutionalized , Adolescent Behavior , Civil Defense , Parenting , Family Planning Policy , Interview , Crime , Affective Symptoms , Culture , Dangerous Behavior , Public Attorneys , Decision Making , Dehumanization , Trust , Aggression , Depersonalization , Depression , Diagnosis , Dreams , Education, Professional , Educational Status , Employment , Inpatient Care Units , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Family Conflict , Fatigue , Social Marginalization , Emotional Adjustment , Underage Drinking , Professionalism , Harassment, Non-Sexual , Freedom , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Respect , Community Support , Citizenship , Human Rights , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Labor Unions , Leisure Activities , Morale , Occupational Diseases
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e243764, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1422423

ABSTRACT

A população em situação de rua (PSR), em seu cotidiano, se relaciona com diferentes pessoas, grupos e/ou coletivos ligados à execução das políticas públicas, às organizações não governamentais, familiares ou a membros da sociedade civil. Pensar nessas dinâmicas de trabalho, cooperação e auxílio remete a pensar sobre uma rede de apoio que constrói estratégias com essa população. Tendo presente essas problematizações, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua sobre como é produzida sua rede de apoio. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de orientação etnográfica, sendo utilizada a observação participante, registros em diário de campo e entrevistas narrativas. Participaram seis pessoas em situação de rua que recebem alimentação ofertada por projetos sociais em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados produzidos foram analisados a partir da Análise Temática. As análises expressam as especificidades das narrativas das trajetórias de vida associadas à chegada às ruas e à composição de uma rede de apoio na rua. Ao conhecer como se produz e opera essa rede de apoio, a partir das narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua, problematiza-se a complexidade dessa engrenagem e o desafio de produzir ações integradas entre as diferentes instâncias da rede. Nisso, destaca-se a potencialidade de práticas que levem conta à escuta, ao diálogo e à articulação na operacionalização de políticas públicas atentas às necessidades dessa população.(AU)


The street population, in their daily lives, relates to different people, groups and/or collectives linked to the execution of public policies, to non-governmental organizations, family members, or to members of civil society. Thinking about these dynamics of work, cooperation, and assistance leads to thinking about a support network that builds strategies with this population. Having these problematizations in mind, this study aims to analyze the narratives of homeless people about how their support network is produced. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out, with ethnographic orientation, using participant observation, records in a field diary, and narrative interviews. Participated in the research six homeless people who receive food offered by social projects in a municipality in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The data produced were analyzed using the Thematic Analysis. The analyzes express the specifities of the narratives of life trajectories associated with the arrival on the streets and the composition of a support network on the street. By knowing how the support network is produced and operated, the complexity of this gear and the challenge of producing integrated actions between the different instances of the network are problematized. Thus, it highlights the potential of practices that consider listening, dialogue, and articulation in the operationalization of public policies that are attentive to the needs of this population.(AU)


Las personas en situación de calle en su cotidiano se relacionan con distintas personas, grupos y/o colectivos, que están vinculados a la ejecución de políticas públicas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, familiares o miembros de la sociedad civil. Pensar en estas dinámicas de trabajo, cooperación y ayuda nos lleva a una red de apoyo que construye estrategias con estas personas. Teniendo en cuenta esta problemática, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las narrativas de las personas en situación de calle acerca de cómo se produce su red de apoyo. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, etnográfico, utilizando observación participante, registros de diario de campo y entrevistas narrativas. Este estudio incluyó a seis personas en situación de calle que reciben alimentos ofrecidos por proyectos sociales en una ciudad del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Se utilizó el Análisis Temático. Los análisis expresan las especificidades de las narrativas de las trayectorias de vida asociadas con la llegada a las calles y la composición de una red de apoyo en la calle. Al saber cómo se produce y opera la red de apoyo, a partir de las narrativas de las personas en la calle, se problematizan la complejidad de este equipo y el desafío de producir acciones integradas entre las diferentes instancias de la red. Destaca el potencial de las prácticas que tienen en cuenta la escucha, el diálogo y la articulación en la implementación de políticas públicas que estén atentas a las necesidades de esta población.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Public Policy , Ill-Housed Persons , Community Support , Poverty , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Relief Work , Safety , Social Change , Social Conditions , Social Isolation , Social Support , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Tobacco Use Disorder , Unemployment , Violence , Emergency Feeding , Health Surveillance , Occupational Risks , Illicit Drugs , Charities , Hygiene , Disease , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Hunger , Crack Cocaine , Clothing , Interview , Community Health Services , Community Participation , Substance-Related Disorders , Criminology , Shelter , Disaster Vulnerability , Health Risk , Personal Autonomy , Gift Giving , Human Rights Abuses , Alcoholism , Economics , User Embracement , Existentialism , Family Conflict , Drug Users , Alcoholics , Social Stigma , Emergency Shelter , Social Discrimination , Social Marginalization , Food Deprivation , Frailty , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Solidarity , Life Course Perspective , Housing Instability , Social Status , Citizenship , Family Support , Health Services Needs and Demand , Human Rights , Income , Mental Disorders
3.
Afr. health sci. (Online) ; 22(2 Special Issue: Makerere@100): 80-84, 2022. figures, tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1400766

ABSTRACT

Background: Outbreaks are occurring at increasing frequency and they require multisectoral and multi-stakeholder involvement for optimal response. The Global Health Security Agenda is a framework that governments and other stakeholders can use to strengthen countries' capacities to prevent, detect and respond to outbreaks but there are few examples of academic programs using this approach. Methods: This is a narrative review of contributions of Makerere University through the Global Health Security Program at the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). Information was sourced from peer-reviewed publications and grey literature highlighting work done between 2017 - 2021. Results: Aligned to GHSA, IDI made contributions to strengthen national and subnational capacities for biosafety and biosecurity, sample collection and transportation, electronic disease surveillance, infection prevention and control, case management prior to COVID-19 that were subsequently used to support response efforts for COVID-19 in Uganda. Conclusion: The IDI Global Health Security program provides a model that can be used by institutions to deliberately develop capacities relevant to outbreak preparedness and response.


Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Communicable Diseases , Disease Outbreaks , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola , COVID-19 , Community Support
4.
African Journal of Disability ; 11: 1-8, 2022. Tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1397040

ABSTRACT

Society places people with physical disabilities acquired during adulthood in disadvantaged positions, especially when they cannot participate in activities like their non-disabled counterparts. The situation can be worse for individuals who acquire disabilities during adulthood, where they have to learn to cope with the adulthood-acquired physical disabilities. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the types of physical disabilities acquired during adulthood and their causes and explore how participants defined their disabilities and the coping strategies they used. Methods: The study used a phenomenological research design. Five adults (three women, two men) with adulthood-acquired disabilities were purposefully selected from a rural area in Limpopo, South Africa. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes about coping strategies study participants used. Results: The results show four types of adulthood-acquired disabilities amongst the participants: visual impairment, paraplegia, weakened muscles which led to bilateral amputation, loss of function on both hands and legs. Participants' meanings of their physical adulthood-acquired disabilities ranged from a punishment, pain, not a bother, black magic, to results of doing wrong things to someone. In coming to terms with their adulthood-acquired disabilities, participants used problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Four themes from the participants' responses were spiritual support, social support, substance dependency, access to health and rehabilitation services. Conclusion: The study contributes to understanding the experiences of individuals who acquired disabilities in adulthood, how they define their disabilities and the divergent coping strategies they use. This study established that participants used problem-focused, positive emotion-focused and negative emotion-focused coping strategies.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Flatfoot , Adult , Community Support , Learning Disabilities , Rural Population , Life Change Events
5.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(1): 38-48, mar. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388376

ABSTRACT

Resumen El consumo de sustancias en adolescentes es altamente prevalente en varias regiones del mundo, y especialmente en Chile, siendo su prevención un importante desafío para la salud pública. Este artículo describe el modelo islandés de prevención del consumo de sustancias en adolescentes "Planet Youth", su adaptación y factibilidad de implementación en Chile, como primera experiencia en Latinoamérica. Este modelo comunitario está enfocado en la prevención ambiental y en la promoción de la salud de niños, niñas y adolescentes, basado en un diagnóstico local y oportuno de factores protectores y de riesgo, con colaboración de la autoridad local y la academia. Seis comunas de la región metropolitana en colaboración con la Universidad de Chile y el Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis inician su implementación en 2018. Se tradujo y adaptó la encuesta islandesa que fue aplicada a 7354 estudiantes de 2° medio, cuyos resultados se retroalimentaron a colegios y municipalidades para trabajar en la modificación de los principales factores de riesgo y protección. En 2020, el proceso ha requerido algunas adaptaciones debido a la pandemia por COVID-19. Se discute acerca de factores socioculturales relevantes en la adaptación de estrategias basadas en evidencia internacional que se transfieren a un país diferente. La implementación del modelo Planet Youth es factible en Chile y ofrece una importante oportunidad para prevenir el consumo de sustancias en jóvenes de manera efectiva en Latinoamérica.


The prevalence of substance use is high among adolescents in several region around the world, specifically in Chile, and its prevention is an important public health challenge. We describe the adaptation and the feasibility to implement the Icelandic model of substance use prevention in adolescents "Planet Youth" in Chile as first experience in Latin America. This community prevention model focuses on the environment, culture and the promotion of health in adolescents, informed by local risk and protective factors. Implementation requires collaboration between academia and municipal authorities. Six municipalities of the Metropolitan Region, the University of Chile and the Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis collaborated in the implementation of the Planet Youth model since 2018 in Chile. A substance use survey was translated, adapted, and applied to 7354 tenth grade students. The results were informed to schools and municipalities in order to work on modifications of the main risk and protective factors in their own community. In 2020, the prevention process has required some adaptation due to COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss sociocultural factors in the adaptation of this international prevention model transferred to Latin America. The implementation of the Planet Youth model is feasible in Chile and offers an opportunity to effectively prevent the substance use behaviors of adolescents in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Chile , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Community Support , Health Promotion
6.
Rio de Janeiro; Fiocruz; 2 ed. rev; 2018. 210 p. mapas, ilus, tab.(Coleção Saúde dos Povos Indígenas).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1435343

ABSTRACT

A pesquisadora Raquel Paiva Dias-Scopel, do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia), levanta questões sobre a valorização e respeito à diversidade étnica e cultural dos povos indígenas e a difícil interface com o processos de medicalização e do direito ao acesso aos serviços de saúde biomédicos. O livro é parte da Coleção Saúde dos Povos Indígenas, da Editora Fiocruz e partiu da tese de doutorado defendida em 2014 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Foi publicado pela primeira vez em 2015 pela Associação Brasileira de Antropologia com o título A Cosmopolítica da Gestação, Parto e Pós-Parto: práticas de autoatenção e processo de medicalização entre os índios Munduruku. No prefácio da primeira edição, sua orientadora, a doutora em antropologia e professora titular da UFSC, Esther Jean Langdon, ressalta que o conceito fundamental deste livro é da autoatenção, que aponta para o reconhecimento da autonomia e da criatividade da coletividade, principalmente da família, como núcleo que articula os diferentes modelos de atenção ou cuidado da saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Indians, South American/ethnology , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Medicalization , Maternal Health/ethnology , Community Support , Palpation , Parent-Child Relations/ethnology , Prenatal Care , Sterilization, Tubal , Brazil/ethnology , Menarche/ethnology , Ceremonial Behavior , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Homebound Persons/rehabilitation , Prenatal Nutrition , Community-Based Participatory Research , Feeding Behavior/ethnology , Anthropology, Medical , Indigenous Culture , Birth Setting/statistics & numerical data , Barriers to Access of Health Services , Home Childbirth/nursing , Obstetric Labor Complications/ethnology , Menstruation/ethnology , Midwifery
7.
Rev. Kairós ; 15(4): 185-199, dez. 2012. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-964994

ABSTRACT

O portador de doença de Parkinson sofre alterações sensório-motoras e emocionais. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os benefícios na qualidade de vida de idosos que participam de oficinas diversas e muito adequadas, oferecidas pelo Grupo Lótus - Associação Parkinson da Baixada Santista, tentando superar os problemas decorrentes da doença. A abordagem adotada aqui é a exploratório-descritiva, em um estudo transversal elaborado a partir da aplicação de um questionário, o PDQ-39, em que idosos foram entrevistados e suas respostas interpretadas, seguindo a linha qualitativa de pesquisa por sua afinidade com o referencial teórico de formação da autora. Como resultado, verificou-se que os indivíduos envolvidos na pesquisa apresentaram uma melhora a partir da percepção manifesta por estes acerca de sua qualidade atual de vida, consequente a seu engajamento nas atividades do Grupo Lótus, conseguindo-se, assim, sua autoparticipação nos cuidados com a saúde; finalmente, a partir das considerações aqui formuladas sobre as ações empreendidas pelo Grupo Lótus, contribuir para as ações dos profissionais que trabalham na área orientando a participação de doentes no seu processo de busca da saúde.


Parkinson's disease patients suffering sensorimotor deficits and emotional. The aim of this study is to identify the benefits in quality of life of seniors who participate in various workshops and very appropriate, offered by Group Lotus - Parkinson Association of Santos, trying to overcome the problems resulting from the disease. The approach adopted here is exploratory and descriptive, in a cross-sectional study drawn from the application of a questionnaire, the PDQ-39, in which the elderly were interviewed and their responses interpreted, following the line qualitative research by its affinity with the referential theoretical training of the authors. As a result, it was found that the individuals involved in the study showed an improvement from the perception expressed by them about their current quality of life as the result of their engagement in the activities of Group Lotus, obtaining thus autoparticipation in their care with health, finally, from the considerations made here about the actions undertaken by group Lotus, contribute to the actions of professionals working in the area, as well as guide the participation of patients in their health-seeking process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Parkinson Disease/psychology , Quality of Life , Social Determinants of Health , Perception , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research , Community Support/psychology
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